Hello readers! I'm writing thise blog as a part of flipped learning assigned by my Megha Ma'am. These include some of the questions which can be understood by watching some videos. So let's go through these activity.
I have been discussing about the questions based on the link which I'm Sharing here Click here.
Q.1 What is Modernism? Explain the characteristics of modernism.
Modernism is a broad intellectual and artistic movement that dominated the late 19th and early 20th centuries. It was a radical shift from traditional modes of thinking and creating, driven by a desire to reflect the complexities and upheavals of a rapidly changing world.
Characteristics of Modernism:
Modernists rebelled against the established artistic, literary, social, and philosophical belief they are considered as outdated in a modernizing society. They sought to redefine the very nature of art and its purpose. Their works explored the themes of alienation, isolation, and the dehumanizing effects of industrialization and enlarging metro environments.
Modernists think fractured narratives are free from verse poetry, stream-of-consciousness writing, abstract art, and unconventional musical structures. This shift is seen in works like James Joyce's Ulysses or Virginia Woolf's Mrs. Dalloway.
When we see examples of Modernism in Different Fields like in literature we saw James Joyce, T.S. Eliot, Virginia Woolf, Ezra Pound, Franz Kafka and in Art we can see Picasso.
Q.2 Explain 'Stream of Consciousness'.
Stream of consciousness started as a literary technique that aimed to portray a character's inner thoughts and feelings in a chaotic and unfiltered way. It reflects the natural flow of human thought, which often includes jumps between topics, incomplete sentences, broken ideas, and sensitive impressions.
This technique has roots in psychology, where "stream of consciousness" was how William James described the constant flow of thoughts, sensations, and emotions experienced by the mind.
Like there are some examples such as, when there's spread of absurd or humorous memes sometimes reflects a collective need for release or a form of social commentary within a specific moment. Movements like #MeToo or #Black Lives Matter have a chaotic and multifaceted nature reflecting deep-seated social and emotional tensions brought to the surface.
Q.3 what is Expressionism?
Expressionism was a powerful modernist artistic movement that arose in the early 20th century, primarily in Germany. Alternatively aiming to represent the external world with any kind of objectivity, Expressionist artists tried to capture the raw emotions and inner confusion of the human experience. They used art as a tool for expressing intense feelings, often fear, anxiety, or a sense of separation brought on by the rapid societal changes of the time.
Expressionists placed massive focus on the artist's inner world, their subjective perception of reality. To convey emotional intensity, Expressionist artists intentionally broke free from realistic representation. They employed exaggerated forms, flowing brushstrokes, and vibrating, unnatural colors.
The art reflected the social unrest and cultural negativity widespread during its time. Expressionism extended beyond painting and sculpture to encompass diverse fields such as literature, drama, architecture, music, and even film. Expressionists explored the depths of the human psyche, depicting themes around fear, anxiety, obsession, and madness.
Q.4 what is Absurdism?
Absurdism is a literary and philosophical movement that emerged in the mid-20th century, largely influenced by the aftermath of World War II and its accompanying sense of disillusionment. It explores the fundamental conflict between the human desire for meaning, order, and purpose, and the inherent meaninglessness, irrationality, and chaos of the universe.
Absurdist works on highlighting the conflict between our search for meaning and the universe's indifference. Characters often struggle with existential questions about life, death, and the vanity of human. Plots often lack traditional structure and rely on illogical or dreamlike sequences.
Absurdist works use humor and irony to underscore the absurdity of existence and question traditional notions of meaning and purpose.
There are some famous Absurdist Works and Authors, the novel 'The Stranger' by Albert Camus, The Trial by Franz Kafka and Waiting for Godot by Samuel Beckett, Catch-22 by Joseph Heller.
Q.5 Explain Surrealism.
Surrealism is an art and cultural movement that developed in Europe in the aftermath of World War I in which artists aimed to allow the unconscious mind to express itself, often resulting in the depiction of illogical or dreamlike scenes and ideas. It produced works of painting, writing, theatre, filmmaking, photography, and other media as well.
The term "Surrealism" originated with Guillaume Apollinaire in 1917. However, the Surrealist movement was not officially established until after October 1924, when the Surrealist Manifesto published by French poet and critic André Breton succeeded in claiming the term for his group over a rival faction led by Yvan Goll, who had published his own surrealist manifesto two weeks prior. From the 1920s onward, the movement spread around the globe, impacting the visual arts, literature, film, and music of many countries and languages, as well as political thought and practice, philosophy, and social theory.
Q.6 Explain Postmodernism.
It's a departure from the ideals of Modernism, a movement that emphasized reason, progress, universal truths, and the power of science and technology to improve the world.
Postmodernism challenges overarching explanations that defined Modernism, such as the belief in linear progress, the supremacy of reason, or the existence of universal truths. It argues that there's no single, objective truth. Instead, knowledge and meaning are seen as constantly shifting and shaped by individual perspectives, social contexts, and language.
The thinkers focus on how power structures operate within society, often through language and cultural representations. They highlight how seemingly neutral concepts may serve to maintain existing power imbalances.
Postmodernism challenges the traditional view of the author as the ultimate authority over a work's meaning. It argues that the reader's role is equally important in shaping interpretation.
Postmodern architecture rejects the seriousness and functionalism of Modernism, opting for playfulness, eclecticism, and historical references.
Postmodernism is not without its critics. Some common criticisms are Critics, they argue that its rejection of universal truths that can lead to relativism where all viewpoints are considered equally valid, regardless of their merits, or even to nihilism (belief in nothingness).
Q.7 Define Modernism.
Modernism was a period of radical change and a deliberate turning away from traditional ways of thinking and creating.
Modernists broke away from conventional forms in art, literature, and architecture. They experimented with new styles, techniques, and perspectives. The focus shifted from the external world to the individual's inner experience, leading to stream of consciousness.
Modernists moved away from realistic depictions of the world, favoring more abstract and symbolic representations.
Q.8 What is Dada Movement?
Dada was an avant-garde art movement that emerged in the early 20th century, primarily as a response to the horrors and disillusionment of World War I.
Dada artists rejected traditional notions of art, logic, reason, and the prevailing social order. Dadaism manifested itself in a wide range of artistic forms, including performance art, poetry, collage, sculpture, photography, and even sound poetry.
The anti-establishment movement was passionately anti-war, anti-bourgeois, and held political connections to the radical left.
Dada's spirit of rebellion, its focus on the unconventional, and its emphasis on ideas over aesthetics continued to influence later art movements, including conceptual art and performance art. There are some notable Dada Artists like, Hugo Ball, Marcel Duchamp and Tristan Tzara etc.
Q.9 What is Comedy of Menace?
The "comedy of menace" is a genre of plays characterized by a unique blend of humor and suspense. The term was first coined by drama critic Irving Wardle in 1958, inspired by the subtitle of David Campton's play "The Lunatic View: A Comedy of Menace."
These plays weave elements of humor, often through absurd situations or witty dialogue, alongside an underlying sense of danger and menace.
The genre is most commonly associated with the works of playwright Harold Pinter, whose plays like "The Birthday Party" and "The Caretaker" are prime examples.
Q.10 What is the Avant-Garde?
The term "avant-garde" is French for "advance guard" or "vanguard." It refers to people or works that are innovative, experimental, and push boundaries.
In the arts, the avant-garde challenges traditional ideas about what art should be and how it should be made. The movements can encompass various disciplines including visual arts, music, literature, film, and theater.
Avant-garde artists rebelled against established aesthetics and cultural norms. They experimented with new techniques, forms, and ideas, often shocking audiences and critics. The avant-garde often had a strong social or political message, aiming to critique society or bring about change.
Conclusion:
We all have our own flow of emotions and expressions which arise out of various thought processes. As the flow of a river ultimately meets the Ocean our emotions and expressions meet ultimately to our thoughts and by deep thinking we many a time come to the conclusion why we are thinking of any particular thing or topic and flow of thinking.
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